World Cotton Centennial
| World Cotton Centennial | |
|---|---|
 Engraving of the Octagonal Building, part of the Mexico exhibit | |
| Overview | |
| BIE-class | Unrecognized exposition |
| Name | World Cotton Centennial |
| Area | 249 acres (101 ha) |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| City | New Orleans, Louisiana |
| Venue | Audubon Park (New Orleans) |
| Coordinates | 29°56′03″N 90°07′25″W / 29.93417°N 90.12361°W |
| Timeline | |
| Opening | December 16, 1884 |
| Closure | June 2, 1885 |
The World Cotton Centennial (also known as the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition) was a World's Fair held in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, in 1884. At a time when nearly one third of all cotton produced in the United States was handled in New Orleans and the city was home to the New Orleans Cotton Exchange, the idea for the fair was first advanced by the Cotton Planters Association. The name "World Cotton Centennial" referred to the earliest-surviving record of export of a shipment of cotton from the U.S. to England in 1784.
History
[edit]The U.S. Congress lent $1 million to the fair's directors and gave $300,000 for the construction of a large U.S. Government & State Exhibits Hall on the site.[1] However, the planning and construction of the fair was marked by corruption and scandals, and state treasurer Edward A. Burke absconded abroad with some $1,777,000 of state money including most of the fair's budget.[2] Despite such serious financial difficulties, the Fair succeeded in offering many attractions to visitors.
The Centennial covered 249 acres (101 ha), stretching from St. Charles Avenue to the Mississippi River, and was notable in that it could be entered directly by railway, steamboat, or ocean-going ship. The main building enclosed 33 acres (13 ha) and was the largest roofed structure constructed up to that time. It was illuminated with 5,000 electric lights (still a novelty at the time, and said to be ten times the number then existing in New Orleans outside of the fairgrounds). There was also a Horticultural Hall, an observation tower with electric elevators, and working examples of multiple designs of experimental electric street-cars. The Mexican exhibit was particularly lavish and popular, constructed at a cost of $200,000, and featuring a huge brass band that was a great hit locally.[3][4]
On December 16, 1884, U.S. President Chester Arthur opened the fair via telegraph (two weeks behind schedule).[1] It closed on June 2, 1885. In an unsuccessful attempt to recover some of the financial losses from the Fair, the grounds and structures were reused for the North Central & South American Exposition from November 10, 1885, to March 31, 1886, with little success. The term "Pan-American" was not used in the fair's title, since it was just coming into popular use in the press in the late 1880s.[5] After this the structures were publicly auctioned off, most going only for their worth in scrap.
The site today is Audubon Park and Audubon Zoo in Uptown New Orleans.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Reeves, Thomas C. (1975). Gentleman Boss. NY, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 382. ISBN 0-394-46095-2.
- ^ Stall, Gasper J. "Buddy" (1988). Proud, Peculiar New Orleans: the Inside Story. Baton Rouge, LA: Claritor's. pp. 124–126. ISBN 0-87511-679-5.
- ^ Jayes, Janice Lee (2011). The Illusion of Ignorance: Constructing the American Encounter with Mexico, 1877-1920. ISBN 9780761853541.
- ^ "Mexican Music in 19th-Century New Orleans « LSU Libraries Special Collections Blog". hill.blogs.lib.lsu.edu. Archived from the original on 2014-05-17.
- ^ Gonzalez, Robert Alexander (2011). Designing Pan-America: U.S. Architectural Visions for the Western Hemisphere. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. pp. 22–31. ISBN 9781477326671.
Further reading
[edit]- Gonzalez, Robert Alexander (2011). Designing Pan-America: U.S. Architectural Visions for the Western Hemisphere. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292723252.
External links
[edit]
- The World's Cotton Centennial Exposition. Book chapter
- Perkins, Daniel W. (1885). Practical Common Sense Guide Book through the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition at New Orleans. Lane S. Hart.
- Speth, Kenneth R. (2018). 1884-New Orleans-1885 The Great World's Fair: Rare Photographic Images from the Collection of Kenneth R. Speth. Self Published. ISBN 9780692065099.
- World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition Collection at The Historic New Orleans Collection
