Jump to content

Anambra State

Coordinates: 6°20′N 7°00′E / 6.333°N 7.000°E / 6.333; 7.000
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Anambra, Nigeria)

Anambra
Anambra State
Flag of Anambra
Seal of Anambra State Government
Nicknames: 
Anthem: "With All Our Hearts, We Pray and Ask"
Location of Anambra in Nigeria
Location of Anambra in Nigeria
Coordinates: 6°20′N 7°00′E / 6.333°N 7.000°E / 6.333; 7.000
Country Nigeria
CapitalAwka
Government
 • BodyGovernment of Anambra State
 • GovernorCharles Chukwuma Soludo (APGA)
 • Deputy GovernorGilbert Onyekachukwu Ibezim (APGA)
 • LegislatureAnambra State House of Assembly
 • Chief JudgeProf. Sylvia Chika Ifemeje
 • SenatorsC: Victor Umeh (LP)
N: Tony Nwoye (LP)
S: Vacant
Area
 • Total4,844 km2 (1,870 sq mi)
 • Rank35 of 36
Population
 (2006 census)1
 • Total4,177,821
 • Estimate 
(2022[1])
6,953,500
 • Rank9 of 36[2]
 • Density860/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
DemonymsNdi Anambra, Anambrarians
GDP (PPP)
 • Year2021
 • Total$33.26 billion[3]
12th of 36
 • Per capita$5,231[3]
6th of 36
Time zoneUTC+01 (WAT)
postal code
420001
Dialing Code+234
ISO 3166 codeNG-AN
LanguageIgbo
English
HDI (2022)0.674[4]
medium · 6th of 37
WebsiteOfficial website
^1 Preliminary results

Anambra State is a Nigerian state located in the South-eastern region of the country.[5] The state was created on 27 August 1991.[6] Anambra state is bounded by Delta State to the west, Imo State and Rivers State to the south, Enugu State to the east and Kogi State to the north.[7] The state's capital is Awka, while the state’s largest city is Onitsha which is regarded as one of the largest metropolis in Africa. Nnewi is the second largest commercial and industrial city in Anambra State, and also a known automobile hub within Nigeria and Africa.[8]

The state name was formed in 1976 from the former East Central State. The state is named after Omambala River, a river that runs through the state. Anambra is the anglicized name of the Omambala.[9][10] The State capital is Awka. The city of Onitsha, a historic port city from the pre-colonial era, remains an important centre of commerce within the state,while Nnewi is the second largest commercial and industrial city in the state.[11]

Nicknamed the "Light of the Nation", Anambra State is the fourteenth most populous state[12] in the nation, although that has seriously been argued against as Onitsha, the state's biggest and most populous urban area was discovered to be over 8.5 million in population in 2022 by Africapolis which makes Onitsha one of the largest urban areas in Nigeria by population.[13][14][15][16] The area currently known as Anambra State has been the site of numerous civilizations since at least the 9th century AD, including the ancient Kingdom of Nri, whose capital was the historic town of Igbo-Ukwu within the state. Residents of Anambra State are primarily Igbo,[17][18] with the Igbo language serving as a lingua franca throughout the state.[19]

During the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), Anambra State was part of the secessionist Republic of Biafra formed by Igbo nationalists. Anambra was severely affected by the war.[20][21] Today, Anambra State is one of the most urbanized states in Nigeria.[22][23]

Etymology

[edit]

The name Anambra is the merging of Anam and the English word 'branch'. Anam is a clan in the Omambala region[24] and the last Igbo speaking community the British colonialists encountered while heading up to Northern Nigeria from across the riverine areas. They usually described present day Anambra as 'Anam branch' to their colleagues up North. Reason Anam together with some neighboring clans was Anambra LGA when the state was created. It is now Anambra-West LGA with Olumbanasa.

History

[edit]

Anambra's history stretches to the 9th century AD, as revealed by archaeological excavations at Igbo-Ukwu and Ezira. It has great works of art in iron, bronze, copper, and pottery. These have revealed a sophisticated divine Kingship administrative system, which held sway in the area of Anambra from c. 948 AD to 1911. In some towns, such as Ogidi and others, local families had hereditary rights to kingship for centuries.[25][26]

Great Britain recognised some of these traditional kings and leaders in their system of indirect rule of the Protectorate of South Nigeria. Beginning in the 19th century, they appointed some noble leaders as Warrant Chiefs, authorizing them to collect taxes, among other duties.

Anambra is in the Igbo-dominated area that seceded as part of an independent Biafra in 1967, following rising tensions with Northern Nigeria. During the Nigerian/Biafran war (1967–1970), Biafran engineers constructed a relief airstrip in the town of Uli/Amorka (code named "Annabelle"). Extremely dangerous relief flights took off from Sao Tome and other sites loaded with tons of food and medicine for the distressed Biafran population. Uli/Amorka airstrip was the site where American pilots such as Alex Nicoll, and scores of others, delivered tons of relief supplies to the Biafran population.[27]

Disgusted by the suffering and mounting death toll in Biafra from starvation, as well as the continuous harassment of the relief planes by the Nigerian Airforce, Carl Gustaf von Rosen resigned as a Red Cross relief pilot. He helped Biafra to form an Airforce of five Minicoin planes Malmö MFI-9 stationed at the Uga airstrip. He named his tiny but effective air force "Babies of Biafra" in honour of the babies who died from starvation inside Biafra.[28][29][30]

Old Anambra State was created in 1976 from part of East Central State, and its capital was Enugu. In 1991, a re-organisation divided Anambra into two states, Anambra and Enugu. The capital of the New Anambra is Awka.[31]

Geography

[edit]
Agulu Lake

Location

[edit]

Boundaries are formed by Delta State and Edo State to the west for about 97 km across the River Niger, Imo State and Rivers State (for four km) to the south, Enugu State to the east for 139 km, and Kogi State to the north for about 40 km. The name was derived from the Anambra River (Omambala) which flows through the area and is a tributary of the River Niger.

Anambra is the eighth-most populated state in the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the second-most densely populated state in Nigeria after Lagos State. The stretch of more than 45 km between the towns of Oba and Amorka contains a cluster of numerous thickly populated villages and small towns, giving the area an estimated average density of 1,500–2,000 persons per square kilometre.[32]

Climate

[edit]

The state has a Tropical wet and dry or savanna climate with yearly temperature of 28.99 °C (84.18 °F) and it is -0.47% lower than Nigeria's averages. Anambra typically receives about 212.36 millimeters (8.36 inches) of precipitation and has 243.38 rainy days (66.68% of the time) annually.[33][34]

The state has been described as one of the worst places affected by the climate change in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa in 2022 according to the Climate Change Education and Action Programme, (CLEAP).[35]

Administrative Division

[edit]

Cities and administrative divisions

[edit]

With an annual population growth rate of 2.21 percent per annum, Anambra State has over 60% of its people living in urban areas. It is one of the most urbanized states in Nigeria.[36]

The major urban centres of Anambra State are Onitsha, Nnewi, Ekwulobia, Ihiala, Aguleri and Awka, the state capital. Awka and Onitsha had developed as pre-colonial urban centres: Awka was the craft industrial centre of the Nri hegemony. Onitsha is a city state on the Niger, having developed as a river port and commercial centre.

Onitsha is a fast-growing commercial city and has developed to become a huge conurbation extending to Idemili, Oyi and Anambra East LGAs, with one of the largest markets in West Africa.

In 2012 the tri-city area was dubbed the Onitsha-Nnewi-Awka (ONA) Industrial Axis, in recognition of the expanding industrial capacity. Nnewi (sometimes called the Taiwan of Nigeria)[37][38] is a rapidly developing industrial and commercial centre. Designated as the state capital, Awka has regained its precolonial administrative eminence.

Local government areas

[edit]
Anambra State LGA Map alt text
Anambra State LGA map

Anambra State consists of 21 local government areas. They are:

Economy

[edit]
Innoson Vehicles in Nnewi

Anambra houses the first Nigerian vehicle manufacturer, Innoson, an automobile manufacturer, located in Nnewi.[39][40][41]

People all over West Africa travel to Onitsha and Nnewi to trade, which boost the internal revenue of the state. Onitsha is among the top commercial cities in Africa.[42][43]

Agriculture is an important economic sector in Anambra. Oil palms, maize, rice, yams and cassava are among the crops grown. Fishing is also part of the economic mainstay of Anambra State more especially for communities along the riverine areas.

Anambra is a home of innovation, inventions and creativity. There have been several innovations in Anambra, due to its appreciation of education, which has added to the state's GDP. One of those was in 2018, when two brothers, Atikpo Chukwuebuka and Ubaka Chukwuebuka, were the first to invent a machine, that could wash off the bitterness from bitter-leaf (a popular vegetable staple in Nigeria).[44] This machine will greatly improve the productivity of vegetable farming in the state.

The export of agricultural items is a continual boost to Anambra Internal Generated Revenue. In 2017, the state generated $5 million from the export of washed bitter leaf.[44]

There is a huge deposit of oil and gas in Nigeria, with the Anambra Basin having a great potential of 1000 trillion cubic feet of gas reserves untapped. Having more than 13 oil wells situated in Anambra, the state has the capacity to produce more than 100,000 barrels of crude oil per day, with indigenous companies like Orient Petroleum, and Sterling Oil Exploration and Production Co. LTD (SEEPCO), already leading the way.[45]

Natural resources

[edit]

Anambra is rich in natural gas, crude oil, bauxite, and ceramic.[46] It has an almost 100 percent arable soil.

Anambra state has many other resources in terms of agro-based activities such as fisheries and farming, as well as land cultivated for pasturing and animal husbandry.

Oil and gas

[edit]

In the year 2006, a foundation-laying ceremony for the first Nigerian private refinery, Orient Petroleum Refinery (OPR), was made at Aguleri area.[47] The Orient Petroleum Resource Ltd (OPRL), owner of OPR, was licensed in June 2002, by the Federal Government to construct a private refinery with a capacity of 55,000 barrels per day (~7,500 t/d).

In 2012, following the efforts of Governor Peter Obi and other stakeholders of Orient Petroleum, Anambra State became an oil-producing state. The indigenous company struck oil in the Anambra River basin.[48]

On 2 August 2015, the management of Orient Petroleum Resources Plc said the company planned to increase its crude oil production to 3,000 barrels per day by September 2015, as it stepped up production activities in two new oil wells in its Aguleri oil fields. An indigenous company, Nails and Stanley Ltd, was to establish a gas plant at Umueje in Ayamelum Local Government Area to support economic activities in the oil and gas industry in the state.[49]

Following the attribution of eleven (11) oil wells by the Revenue Mobilization Allocation and Fiscal Commission (RMAFC) in August 2021, Anambra State joined the league of oil producing States in Nigeria.[50][51][52] The process to amend the law that set up the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) through which infrastructure is provided to oil producing States has started. The purpose is to include Anambra State in the list of oil producing States as stated in the NDDC law through the amendment of Section 2(1)(b) of the NDDC Establishment ACT CAP N 86 LFN 2004.[53]

Infrastructure and urbanization

[edit]
Niger Bridge

Since the late 1990s, there has been a migration from rural to urban areas in the state, resulting in Anambra becoming a highly urbanized state: 62% of its population lives in urban areas. In October 2015, the APGA-led state government of Willie Obiano, signed a memorandum of understanding with Galway modular housing company, Affordable Building Concepts International, for 10,000 housing units to be built in the state.[54]

Given decades of neglect of infrastructure and bad governance, the shift in human migration has posed problems for the state. Infrastructure improvements, both physical and social, have lagged behind the growth in population. There are problems in environmental sanitation, erosion control, and provision of social services. Major cities have become characterized by inadequate and deteriorated road networks and walkways, unregulated building patterns, poor sanitation, uncontrolled street trading, mountains of garbage, and chaotic transport systems, creating congestion, noise pollution, and overcrowding.[55]

The government of Peter Obi, with the assistance of the UN-HABITAT, produced 20-year structural plans (2009–2028) for three major cities in the State: Onitsha, Nnewi and Awka – the Capital Territory, to restore urban planning and guide their growth into the future.

The plans contain policies and proposals for land use, city beautification, road infrastructure, industrial development, housing, waste disposal, water supply and health and educational facilities to turn the cities into successful urban areas that can generate employment and wealth, and provide high living standards for their residents.[56]

Anambra became the first state in Nigeria to adopt structural plans for its cities.[5] With effective implementation, it should systematically grow as a major economic center in Nigeria, and West Africa.

The process of urbanization is fairly contributed by population growth, immigration, migration, and infrastructure initiatives like good road, water, power, and gardens, resulting in the growth of villages into towns, town into cities and cities into metros. To have ecologically feasible development, planning requires an understanding of the growth dynamics. There is a fear that if too many people leave the villages, only the aged men and women will be left to farm. This pattern has been seen in Amesi, Akpo, and Achina towns in Aguata local government area. They have been important in the production of yam, cocoyam, and cassava through consistent agriculture, but such activities have suffered due to the out-migration of youth to the urban centres. There has been both food scarcity in the region and over-population in urban areas.

To upgrade the state capital and improve traffic, Awka, Governor Willie Obiano signed off on construction of three flyovers between the Amawbia and Arroma end of the Enugu-Onitsha Expressway, a distance of about three kilometres within the city.[57] Anambra International Cargo Airport, Umueri, opened on 7 December 2021.[58]

Transportation

[edit]

Anambra has good transport links to other states in the country.

2nd Niger Bridge

Federal highways:

Other major roads include:

Water Transportation Service

[edit]

The Niger River connects Onitsha Inland Port with the ports of Port Harcourt in Rivers State, and Bururu and Warri in Delta State. Nearing completion is the Second Niger Bridge at Onitsha.[59]

Road Transportation companies;

  • Transport Company of Anambra State (TRACAS)
  • Chisco Transport Limited
  • GUO Transport Company
  • Onitsha South Mass Transit
  • Eastern Mass Transit
  • Goodness and Mercy Transport Company
  • Peace Mass Transit
  • ABC Transport Terminal
  • Star Sunny Motors

Air Transportation service;

Culture and tourism

[edit]

Ogbunike Caves, listed by UNESCO[60] as a World Heritage Site,[61] is one of the most visited tourist sites in Anambra State. It is classified as a sandstone cave (Lateritic sandstones of Campanian-Miocene age).[62] The Owerre Ezukala caves and waterfalls are great tourist attractions in the state.[63] Largely unexplored, the caves are said to be the largest in West Africa.[64][65]

The indigenous ethnic groups in Anambra state are the Igbo (99% of the population) and a small population of people who are bilingual[66]

Igbo Ukwu 9th century bronzes monuments

Igbo Ukwu Museum:[67] Igbo Ukwu is an ancient town known for its astonishing metal crafts; it continues to attract tourists to see its bronze artifacts. First noticed in 1938, the bronzes were later excavated by Thurstan Shaw (an English archaeologist). They have been dated to the 9th century, and are of high value and historic relevance.[68]

Other places of interest in the state includes:

  • Ogba Waterfalls; considered to be one of the largest cave in West Africa, which will take upwards to two hours to explore. It is located in Owerre Ezeukala, that borders three other states: Abia, Enugu and Imo.
  • Agulu Lake; it is very wide and lengthy with habitats that support several marine species, including crocodile and water turtle. Fishing is prohibited there.[citation needed]
  • Rojenny Tourist Village; located in Oba and has small games reserves that are populated with a variety of animals such as Baboons, Chimpanzees, Alligators etc. It also has African bar-restaurant, children's park, Olympic size swimming pool, etc.
  • Odinani Museum Nri; located in Anaocha Local Government, it houses lots of archaeological discoveries, cultural and traditional religious artifacts.
  • Ikenga Virgin Forest; the only virgin forest in Nigeria as the trees have never been deforested nor its land cultivated. It is home to species of animals that have gone extinct in other parts of the country.
  • The palaces of Obi of Onitsha and Eze Nri.[69]

Cuisines

Anambra also has diverse delicacies; onugbu soup is a well-known dish from the state. Nsala soup, Oha Soup, Egusi soup, Palm oil Stew, Nkwobi, Isi ewu, Abacha, Ukwa, and Akidi are some of the most common foods in Anambra.[70][71]

Festivals

  • Onitsha Ofala Festival; celebrated once a year in October, to mark the climax of the New Yam.
  • Igu Aro Festival ; annual festival celebrated in Enugu Ukwu to flag off the annual planting season.
  • Nnewi afiaolu Festival; traditional festival held annually in Nnewi around August.
  • Imo Awka Festival; usually celebrated between May and June every year, in Awka, the capital city of Anambra State.
  • Aguleri Ovala Festival; celebrated on the first Eke market day of the year in Aguleri.
  • Uzoiyi Festival Umuoji; annual cultural festival of the Umuoji people.[72]

Music

Traditional music in Anambra includes a number of genres such as Igbo Highlife, Ogene, Igbo Gospel, Ekpili, etc. Some notable traditional musicians from Anambra includes: Chief Stephen Osita Osadebe, Chief Oliver De Coque, Maduka Morocco, Umu Obiligbo, Flavour, etc.

Dance

Dance is one of the best ways of self-expression in the Igboland. The most popular dance from the state is Mkpokiti dance. Some of the most popular dances in Anambra include: Atilogwu Dance, Egedege dance, Igbo Ndi Eze, etc.[73]

Masquerades

Masquerades are mostly active during the festive seasons. Ijele Masquerade is the most popular masquerade from Anambra. Others include: Izaga, Ulaga, Agaba and Aji Busuu.

Religion

[edit]
Cathedral Basilica of the most Holy Trinity, Onitsha
All Saints Anglican Cathedral, Onitsha.

Anambra is a Christian State.[74] The churches in Anambra State include Catholic, Anglican, and Pentecostal.

The Catholic cathedral is the Cathedral Basilica of the Most Holy Trinity, located at 13B New Nkisi Rd, GRA 434106, Onitsha. The Catholic Church comprises the Archdiocese of Onitsha (1889 as Lower Niger) with 126 parishes under Archbishop Valerian Maduka Okele (2003), and three suffragan dioceses of Awka (1977) has 106 parishes under Bishop Paulinus Chukwuemeka Ezeokafor (2011), Ekwulobia (2020) with 83 parishes under Bishop Ebere Okpaleke (2020), and Nnewi (2001) with 115 parishes under Bishop Jonas Benson Okoye (2021).[75]

The Anglican Cathedral is All Saints Cathedral, GRA 434106, Onitsha. The Anglican Province on the Niger in Onitsha was the original diocese in Nigeria (1864 as the Diocese of Equatorial West Africa), under Archbishop Owen Chidozie Nwokolo (2017), and includes eight other Dioceses of Awka (1987) under Archbishop Alexander Chibuzo Ibezim, Nnewi (1996) under Bishop Ndubuisi Obi (2019), Aguata (2005) under Archbishop Samuel Ezeofor (2018), Ogbaru (2007) under Bishop Prosper Afam Amah (2018), Ihiala (2008) under Bishop Israel Kelue Okoye (2016), Niger West (2008) under Bishop Johnson Ekwe (2015) in Umueri, Mbamili (2008) under Bishop Obiora Uzochukwu (2021), Amichi (2009) under Bishop Ephraim Ikeakor (2009).

Anambra State also has numerous Pentecostal churches like Assemblies of God Church,[76] Redeemed Church,[77] House on the Rock, Dominion City,[78] Dunamis, Winners' Chapel, and Christ Embassy.

Education

[edit]

Primary and secondary school

[edit]

Anambra State Universal Education Board, (ASUBEB) is responsible for the coordination and organization of educational activities, promotion of effective teaching and learning in Anambra State Schools.

Education is compulsory from ages six to fifteen. It is required that any parents and guardians must ensure that their child is enrolled in and regularly attends private, public or a combination of schools for the academic session.

Grundtvig International Secondary School is among the top ranked private school in Nigeria.
Christ the King College, Onitsha. (a missionary school)

Anambra is known to be leading in basic education in Nigeria, especially in science and technology. In 2018, five students from Regina Pacis Model Secondary School,[79] Onitsha, won gold medals at the World Technovation Challenge, held in Silicon Valley, San Francisco.[80] In 2019, Anambra State representatives from St. John's Science & Technical College Alor, won bronze at the International Festival of Engineering, Science and Technology I-FEST, held in Tunisia. In 2021, Seven students from Queen of the Rosary College, Onitsha defeated over five thousand other teams from around the world to win the Global Prize Award at Diamond Challenge Global Summit. Anambra students have also won series of International and National debate.[81]

Some of Anambra Best Secondary Schools include: Christ the King College Onitsha, Dennis Memorial Grammar School Onitsha, Lorreto Special Science School Adazi Nnukwu, Marist Comprehensive College Nteje, All hallows Seminary Onitsha, British Spring College Awka, Queen Of The Rosary College Onitsha, Grundtvig International Secondary School Oba, Mater Amabilis Secindary School Umuoji, St. Charles College Onitsha, Carol Standard Convent Ichi, Dominican Sisters College Abatete, Regina Pacis Model Secondary School Onitsha, St Joseph’s Seminary Special Science School Awka-Etiti, Maria Regina Model Comprehensive Secondary School Nnewi, etc.[82]

Colleges and Universities

[edit]

Anambra state is a home to number of public and private tertiary institutions. Their activities are overseen by the Anambra state and Federal Ministry of Education.

Nnamdi Azikiwe University alt text
Nnamdi Azikiwe University

Public

[edit]

Private

[edit]
Paul university, Anambra

The literacy rate in the state is comparatively high compared to other states. Anambra State students have won laurels, nationally and internationally in recent times. This is a pointer to the literacy rate of the state, when compared to others.[101][102][103][104] Primary and secondary school enrollment in the state is one of the highest in the country.[105] Consequently, Anambra state has the highest number of JAMB candidates going after the limited number of spaces in Nigeria's tertiary colleges.[106] From 2011/2012 to 2014, its students had the best results in both WAEC and NECO-conducted senior secondary school examinations.[107][108]

Anambra State has some of the best boarding and day secondary schools in Nigeria. The state places a high standard on secondary education.[109][110]

Health

[edit]

The successive government of the state had established Anambra State Health Insurance Scheme, to enable people pay a little amount of money for quality healthcare services noting that it is a way of strengthening the health sector and making health services accessible to the people of the State irrespective of their level of income.[111]

St Charles Borromeo Specialist Hospital, Onitsha

Notable Health Institutions in Anambra include:

  • Anambra University Teaching Hospital Awka.
  • Nnamdi Azikiwe Teaching Hospital Nnewi
  • Iyi Enu Hospital Ogidi
  • St. Borromeo Specialist Hospital Onitsha
  • Dame Irene Okwuosa Cardiology Hospital Oraifite
  • Obijackson Children Hospital Okija
  • Health Research Institute Umuchukwu[112]

Government and politics

[edit]

The State has a three-tier administrative structure: State, Local and Autonomous community levels. The three arms at state level are the Executive, the Legislative and the Judiciary. The executive arm is headed by an elected governor, who is assisted by a deputy governor, commissioners and executive advisers.

Anambra's political history can be described as varied. Until the early 21st century, it was marked by considerable unrest. Having a long list of "firsts" in Nigerian history, it has been known by the sobriquet as, "The Light of The Nation". On 29 May 1999, Chinwoke Mbadinuju was sworn in as civilian governor of Anambra state, after many years of military rule. His administration was plagued by deep problems: the most notable was withholding of teachers' salaries in the school. The teachers finally conducted a ten-month strike in all the government secondary schools in the state.[113]

Before Mbadinuju's rule, secondary education had been free of charge. His administration imposed a tuition fee of 3,000 Naira per term, for all secondary schools, which led to an unprecedented massive demonstration by secondary school students from all over the state. Many people attribute Mbadinuju's failure to political godfathers; his successor also struggled. On 26 May 2003, Chris Ngige was sworn in as the new governor of the state, but he was removed in March 2006 after Peter Obi of APGA filed charges against him of electoral malpractice. The Court of Appeal in Enugu asserted that Ngige's apparent victory in the 2003 election was fraudulent and ordered him to leave the seat.[114]

Obi was ousted by a faction of the Anambra State House of Assembly on 2 November 2006 and replaced by Virginia Etiaba, his deputy.[115] On 9 February 2007, Etiaba handed power back to Obi after the Court of Appeal had nullified Obi's removal.[116]

On 14 April 2007, Andy Uba of PDP was "elected" as the new governor of the state and, on 29 May, was sworn in.[117] Reported to be massively rigged, the election was widely criticised. On 14 June 2007 the Supreme Court of Nigeria ruled that Peter Obi's tenure had not ended; therefore, there was no vacancy in the governorship. It removed Andy Uba from office and replaced him with his predecessor Obi.[118]

On 6 February 2010, Peter Obi was re-elected governor for a second term of four years, after a hot contest with Chris Ngige, a former governor of the state; Prof. Charles Soludo, a former governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria; and Andy Uba, who was a strong voice in the state's politics.[119][120] Other contenders included Mrs Uche Ekwunife, Prince Nicholas Ukachukwu, and many others. Twenty-five contestants ran for the office. Obi was affirmed as the winner of the election, having more than 30% votes above the immediate runner-up. Chief Willie Obiano was sworn in on 17 March 2014 after winning the 16 November 2013 election. Governor Willie Obiano of All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) was sworn in for a second term in office on 17 March 2018 after the victory at 18 November 2017 elections.[121] He handed over to Charles Soludo, winner of the 9 November 2021 gubernatorial election in Anambra state on 17 March 2022.[122][123]

Media

[edit]

Notable media houses in Anambra include:

Television

[edit]
  • Anambra Broadcasting Service TV
  • NTA Channel 5 Awka
  • NTA Onitsha

Radio

[edit]
  • ABS 88.5FM
  • Brilla Sports 88.9FM
  • Wazobia 93.7FM
  • Sapientia 93.5FM
  • Blaze 91.5FM
  • City Radio 89.7FM

Newspaper

[edit]
  • National Light Newspaper[124]

Sports

[edit]

The most popular sport in the state is football. Anambra is home to a number of professional sports teams: the Ifeanyi Ubah FC of NPFL, the NPFL champion Udoji United FC, and Anambra Pillars FC.

Some notable stadiums include: Ifeanyi Ubah International Stadium Nnewi, Awka City Stadium, Chuba Ikpeazu Memorial Stadium Onitsha, etc.[125]

Electoral system

[edit]

The electoral system of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government areas.[126]

Notable people

[edit]
Chinua Achebe alt text
Chinua Achebe
Chimamanda Adichie alt text
Chimamanda Adichie
Blessed Iwene Tansi
Emeka Odumegwu Ojukwu
Nnamdi Azikiwe
Pete Edochie
Kenneth Dike
Francis Cardinal Arinze
P-Square
Philip Emeagwali
Chuba Okadigbo
Alex Ekwueme
Mikel Obi
Dora Akunyili
Ebuka Obi Uchendu

Political Figures

Authors

Actors, Actresses, Film Directors, TV Hosts and Journalists

Educators, Inventors and Scientists

Musicians

Business Executives

Artists and Illustrators

Beauty Pageants

Religious Figures

Blessed Tansi

Sports

Monarchs

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Anambra State: Subdivision". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  2. ^ https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/download/1241121 Demographic Statistics Bulletin 2020
  3. ^ a b Okeowo, Gabriel; Fatoba, Iyanuoluwa, eds. (13 October 2022). "State of States 2022 Edition" (PDF). Budgit.org. BudgIT. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  4. ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  5. ^ a b "Anambra | state, Nigeria | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  6. ^ "Anambra State". Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission. 7 January 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  7. ^ "Anambra State of Nigeria :: Nigeria Information & Guide". www.nigeriagalleria.com. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  8. ^ "Awka | Nigeria, Map, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 28 November 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  9. ^ Grid 3, Nigeria. "Anambra". Retrieved 26 June 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Ezenwa-Ohaeto, Ngozi (2013). "Sociolinguistic import of name-clipping among Omambala cultural zone in Anambra state". Creative Artist: A Journal of Theatre and Media Studies. 7 (2): 111–128.
  11. ^ "Onitsha | Location, Facts, & Population | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  12. ^ "Top 10 Most Populated States in Nigeria (2022)". Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  13. ^ "Onitsha, Nigeria Metro Area Population 1950-2022". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  14. ^ "Top 50 Agglomerations in Africa". Africapolis.|
  15. ^ Ndulue, Dominic Chukwuka; Ayadiuno, Romanus Udegbunam (2021). "PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING MODE OF MOVEMENT IN ANAMBRA STATE, SOUTH EAST NIGERIA". Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation. 32 (3): 3837–3848.
  16. ^ World, Population Review (2022). "Population of Cities in Nigeria (2022)". Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  17. ^ "Anambra State – SENDEF". Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  18. ^ "The Igbo, sometimes (especially formerly) referred to as Ibo, are one of the largest single ethnicities in Africa". faculty.ucr.edu. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  19. ^ Onumajuru, V. C. (6 June 2016). "A contrastive study of two varieties of Onicha and the Central Igbo language". AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities. 5 (2): 225–240. doi:10.4314/ijah.v5i2.18. ISSN 2227-5452.
  20. ^ "Remembering Nigeria's Biafra war that many prefer to forget". BBC News. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  21. ^ Derrick, Jonathan (1984). "West Africa's Worst Year of Famine". African Affairs. 83 (332): 281–299. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097620. ISSN 0001-9909. JSTOR 722349.
  22. ^ "Anambra State Government – Light Of The Nation". old.anambrastate.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  23. ^ "Nigeria: poverty rate, by state 2019". Statista. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  24. ^ eribake, akintayo (20 September 2014). "Controversy over Igbo Origin: 'We have proof that Umueri is the cradle of Ndigbo'". Vanguard News. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  25. ^ Onumonu, Ugo Pascal (2016). "The development of kingship institution in Oru-Igbo up to 1991". Ogirisi: A New Journal of African Studies. 12: 68–96. doi:10.4314/og.v12i1.4.
  26. ^ Okonkwo, Nwabueze (24 May 2017). "Appeal court ends 233-year old rule by Amobi family of Ogidi". Vanguard. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  27. ^ "Reference at ajcarchives.net" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2009.
  28. ^ Dr. Marshall, Michel (4 April 2008). "The Biafran Babies". Kaiserslautern American. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  29. ^ Operation Biafran Babies (PDF). www.las-en-bok.com. 2014. pp. 1–185.
  30. ^ Lasse, Heerten (15 September 2017). "Biafran Babies". pp. 140–174. doi:10.1017/9781316282243.006. ISBN 978-1-316-28224-3. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  31. ^ "Anambra | state, Nigeria". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  32. ^ gamers (22 August 2019). "[Shapefile] Anambra State". Geospatial Analysis Mapping and Environmental Research Solutions. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  33. ^ "Anambra, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Weather Averages and Historical Data". tcktcktck.org. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  34. ^ "Climate Anambra: Temperature, climate graph, Climate table for Anambra - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  35. ^ "Anambra among worst hit by climate change in Nigeria, Sub-Saharan Africa – CLEAP". Daily Trust. 4 August 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  36. ^ "Nigeria: Onitsha Urban Profile | UN-Habitat". unhabitat.org. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  37. ^ ""Anambra 2030: Envisioning the African Dubai, Taiwan and Silicon Valley"" (PDF). Keynote Address Presented at the 2nd Anambra State Economic Summit at Parktonia Hotel, Awka. 25–26 May 2006.
  38. ^ Abiola, Boladele Oluyomi (2008). "The Nnewi Automotive Components Cluster in Nigeria". Knowledge, Technology, and Cluster-based Growth in Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-8213-7306-4.
  39. ^ "Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing – Official Home of Africa's 1st Indigenous Vehicle Manufacturer". Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  40. ^ "Innoson Group of Companies – – The Pride of Africa". Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  41. ^ "A Look At Nigeria's First Automobile Manufacturer". Ventures Africa. 3 November 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  42. ^ "Business In Onitsha".
  43. ^ Onyemelukwe, J.O.C. (1974). "Some Factors In the Growth of West African Market Towns: The Example of Pre-Civil War Onitsha, Nigeria". Urban Studies. 11 (1): 47–59. doi:10.1080/00420987420080051. ISSN 0042-0980. JSTOR 43084468. S2CID 154120735.
  44. ^ a b "Two brothers invent bitterleaf washing machine; underscore relevance to economy".[permanent dead link]
  45. ^ "Anambra to start earning 13% oil derivation from March, state's rice production up by 524%". 20 February 2022.
  46. ^ Ogbu, Emma. "SOLID MINERALS IN ANAMBRA STATE: NEGLECTED GOLD MINES – Radio Nigeria". Radio Nigeria. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  47. ^ "Reference at allafrica.com"., All Africa, 2006
  48. ^ vanguardngr.com, Nigeria (24 March 2012). "Excitement as Orient Petroleum strikes oil in Anambra". vanguardngr.com. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  49. ^ Thisday Live, Nigeria (3 August 2015). "Anambra Refinery Targets 3,000 Barrels of Oil Per Day". thisdaylive.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  50. ^ "Finally, Anambra Joins League of Oil-producing States - THISDAYLIVE". www.thisdaylive.com. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  51. ^ Ofurum, Godfrey (2 September 2021). "Anambra now an oil producing state". Businessday NG. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  52. ^ Chukindi, Joe (9 September 2022). "Relief, controversy as Anambra's oil begins to yield revenue". Daily Post Nigeria. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  53. ^ Ovat, Michael (29 November 2023). "Nwoye begins process to include Anambra into NDDC oil producing state". Tribune Online. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  54. ^ "Affordable Building Concepts International to build houses in Nigeria". The Irish Times. 30 October 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  55. ^ Nweke, Anselem (3 October 2019). "Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria, Implication on the Development of the Society: Anambra State as the Focus of the Study". SSRN 3463832.
  56. ^ ". Nigeria | Activities | Structure Plans for Three Urban Areas in Anambra State". Un-Habitat. 13 August 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  57. ^ "Anambra Today: Obiano builds 3-Arms Zone, begins moves to relocate Govt House". The Sun, Nigeria. 26 June 2014. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  58. ^ "Anambra Airport to begin commercial flights in November". 17 September 2021.
  59. ^ "The Second Niger Bridge Project". www.second-river-niger-bridge.com. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  60. ^ UNESCO World Heritage Centre (27 June 2013). "Ogbunike Caves – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  61. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  62. ^ Jochen Duckeck. "Show Caves of Nigeria: Ogba Ogbunike". Showcaves.com. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  63. ^ "Anambra State Government – Light Of The Nation". www.anambrastate.gov.ng. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  64. ^ "Destination. . . Ogba-Ukwu Caves & Waterfalls". The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News. 5 August 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  65. ^ "Ogbaukwu Cave and Waterfall in Owerre Ezukala in Orumba South local government area of the state – Channels Television". Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  66. ^ "Anambra State". Igbofocus.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  67. ^ "Nigeria – Encyclopædia Britannica". Britannica.com. 1 October 1960. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  68. ^ "Anambra State Government – Light Of The Nation". www.anambrastate.gov.ng. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  69. ^ Tom, Oto (1 June 2021). "Nigeria Travel Guide: Places To Explore in Anambra State". The Wakaholic. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  70. ^ Obi-Young, Otosirieze (10 July 2020). "For 60 Years, Three Generations of Caterers Have Perfected Ofe Onugbu". Folio Nigeria. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  71. ^ "The Tastiest Mix of Onugbu". Folio Nigeria. 25 June 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  72. ^ "Festivals and Carnivals In Anambra State :: Nigeria Information & Guide". www.nigeriagalleria.com. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  73. ^ Ogbonna, Mazi. "Mkpokiti – The Greatest Igbo cultural dance in the world". ekwendigbo.com. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  74. ^ Chukindi, Joe (29 May 2022). "Criminals terrorizing Anambra want to enthrone idolatry over Christianity - Soludo". Daily Post Nigeria. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  75. ^ "Onitsha (Archdiocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]".
  76. ^ "Assemblies of God (USA) Official Web Site | AG". ag.org. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  77. ^ "RCCG – The Official Website Of The Redeemed Christian Church of God". Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  78. ^ "Dominion City". www.dominioncity.cc. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  79. ^ "Welcome to Regina Pacis Model Secondary School, Onitsha". reginapacisschool.com.ng. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  80. ^ "Nigeria School girls win gold at World Technovation Challenge in US". Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  81. ^ Obianeri, Ikenna (10 August 2023). "Anambra team wins 2023 international debate championship in Malaysia". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  82. ^ Igwenagu, Emmanuel (29 November 2019). "Top 15 Best Secondary Schools in Anambra State (2023)". Nigerian Informer. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  83. ^ "Umunya". Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  84. ^ "Igbariam Campus – Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University". Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  85. ^ "Top Universities In Africa – Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University". Nigerian Law Intellectual Property Watch Inc. 13 July 2018. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  86. ^ "Uli Campus – Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University". Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  87. ^ "Federal Polytechnic, Oko".
  88. ^ "NOCEN – Nwafor Orizu College of Education". Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  89. ^ "Anambra State College Of Agriculture, Mgbakwu". www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  90. ^ "Madonna University – One of the Best Universities in Nigeria". Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  91. ^ "Home | Tansian University". www.tansianuniversity.edu.ng. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  92. ^ "Paul University, Awka | Citadel of higher learning". Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  93. ^ "Homepage". Legacy University Okija Anambra State. Archived from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  94. ^ "List of Universities in Anambra State". www.myschoolgist.com. 4 November 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  95. ^ "The UA College of Science & Technology of The University of America – Home". uapoly.org. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  96. ^ "The University of America College of Science & Technology – Home". www.uan.edu.ng. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  97. ^ Support, Web. "Grundtvig Polytechnic Home". Grundtvig Polytechnic. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  98. ^ Admin, I. J. N. (17 October 2020). "Full List of Courses Offered In Buckingham Academy Of Management And Technology (BUCKIEPOLY)". ITSJAMBNEWS. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  99. ^ "ONIT College Of Education Mbaukwu, Awka South Council Area Holds 10th Matriculation Ceremony". Heartbeat Of The East. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  100. ^ "Private college takes tertiary education to Anambra hinterland". Vanguard News. 20 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  101. ^ "Anambra girls hit gold at World Technovation challenge". The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News. 11 August 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  102. ^ "Anambra school wins bronze in world scientific competition". The Sun Nigeria. 3 April 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  103. ^ "Anambra wins 4 national awards in education". The Sun Nigeria. 7 October 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  104. ^ "Anambra State Government – Light Of The Nation". anambrastate.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  105. ^ EduCeleb (1 September 2018). "Primary School enrolment rate in Nigeria (State by State)". EduCeleb. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  106. ^ "UTME: Anambra candidate emerges best candidate, UNILORIN most sought after varsity - Daily Trust". dailytrust.com. 24 June 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  107. ^ "Best NECO, SSCE candidate gets Anambra scholarship". Vanguard News. 9 January 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  108. ^ "Again, the South-East leads in WASSCE performance chart in Nigeria". Punch Newspapers. 5 February 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  109. ^ Onoja, Alex Peter (11 January 2021). "5 Most Expensive Secondary Schools in Anambra State". Fivekaycooded. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  110. ^ "13 of the Best Secondary Schools to Attend in Anambra State Nigeria | No. 9's the Best". NAIJSCHOOLS. 12 February 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  111. ^ "Anambra State Leads in Healthcare Delivery in Nigeria- Obiano". 21 August 2019.
  112. ^ "7 Best Hospitals in Anambra State - Welcome to InlandTown Online | Get hot information on Onitsha". December 2015.
  113. ^ "Anambra State Government – Light Of The Nation". www.anambrastate.gov.ng. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  114. ^ "Ngige out, Obi in as Anambra gov". Guardiannewsngr.com. The Guardian (Lagos). 16 March 2006. Archived from the original on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2007.
  115. ^ "Anambra: How Etiaba Became Governor". Thisdayonline.com. Thisday (Lagos), 4 November 2006. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2007.
  116. ^ "Obi Floors Lawmakers – Take Over From Etiaba". tribune.com.ng. Nigerian Tribune (Lagos), Saturday, 10 February 2007. Archived from the original on 11 February 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2007.
  117. ^ "Correction to Add Description of and Citation to Related Articles and Complete Description of Study Methods". JAMA Surgery. 154 (4): 368. 1 April 2019. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2018.5861. ISSN 2168-6254. PMC 8177334. PMID 30725079.
  118. ^ "Reuters.com | Africa". Reuters. 9 February 2009. Archived from the original on 21 December 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  119. ^ Dayo Benson; Tony Edike; Vincent Ujumadu; James Ezema (7 February 2010). "INEC declares Obi winner". Vanguard. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  120. ^ MORDI, RAYMOND (31 October 2016). "Obiano faces tough re-election bid". The Nation. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  121. ^ "Governor Obiano, sworn-in for second term in office". The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News. 17 March 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  122. ^ "Charles Soludo Wins Anambra Governorship Election". Channels Television. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  123. ^ "Charles Soludo sworn in as Anambra governor". TheGuardian Newspaper. 17 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  124. ^ "A Comprehensive List of Radio Stations Operating in Anambra State: Frequencies, Locations, Owners and Contact Details | PDF".
  125. ^ "Top 10 Best Stadium in Anambra reviews".
  126. ^ Next President, Govs must get two thirds spread says INEC. The Leadership Newspaper.
  127. ^ Nigeria, a Complete Factfinder. Tee-Rex Limited. 2002.
  128. ^ Service, United States Joint Publications Research (1978). Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa.
  129. ^ "Alex Ekwueme: Celebrating the Depth of a Life". THISDAYLIVE. 25 October 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  130. ^ "Ekwueme buried in hometown, Oko". The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News. 3 February 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  131. ^ "BREAKING: Alex Ekwueme is dead". Daily Trust. 20 November 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  132. ^ "Biafran Declaration of Independence | AHA". www.historians.org. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  133. ^ Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia (15 January 2020). "Remembering the war that many prefer to forget". BBC News. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  134. ^ "Anyaoku at 89: A global citizen who thinks home". Punch Newspapers. 18 January 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  135. ^ "Nwafor Orizu was President of Nigeria". Vanguard News. 27 December 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  136. ^ "Chuba Okadigbo: Professor of Nigeria's Politics". The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News. 17 December 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  137. ^ "Buhari, honour Chuba Okadigbo". The Sun Nigeria. 17 May 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  138. ^ OBIEJESI, Kingsley (8 March 2018). "Remembering Dora Akunyili, anti-fake drugs crusader whose headgear saved from assassins' bullets". The ICIR- Latest News, Politics, Governance, Elections, Investigation, Factcheck, Covid-19. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  139. ^ "Ex-Gov Chukwuemeka Ezeife in court for Nnamdi Kanu – Punch Newspapers". 26 July 2021.
  140. ^ "EZEIFE, Dr. Chukwuemeka Pius – Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation". 6 February 2017.
  141. ^ Nwafor (31 December 2021). "Why godfathers fought me as governor – Ngige". Vanguard News. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  142. ^ Bankole, Idowu (23 July 2022). "2023 election: Peter Obi visits Ikpeazu, reiterates passion to serve Nigerians". Vanguard News. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  143. ^ "humphrey nwosu – Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  144. ^ "Chinwoke Mbadinuju Archives". The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  145. ^ "All eyes on Charles Chukwuma Soludo". Punch Newspapers. 18 March 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  146. ^ Royal, David O. (17 March 2022). "Six major things to know about Anambra governor-elect, Charles Soludo". Vanguard News. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  147. ^ "Oseloka H. Obaze Archives". The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  148. ^ https://journals.openedition.org/lisa/5051?lang=en East Central State administrator
  149. ^ "ASIKA'S VISION, RENASCENT BIAFRA AND IGBOS (1)". THISDAYLIVE. 17 September 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  150. ^ "Reference at www.sunnewsonline.com". Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
  151. ^ "Chi Onwurah | The Guardian". the Guardian. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  152. ^ "Chuka Umunna". The Independent. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  153. ^ "Chinua Achebe's social allegory of Nigeria". The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  154. ^ "Achebe's Things Fall Apart: Separating facts from fictions". Vanguard News. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  155. ^ "Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Awards – Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  156. ^ "Cyprian Ekwensi | Nigerian author | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  157. ^ "The Nigerian royal who loved to lampoon modern life". BBC News. 8 February 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  158. ^ "Going for gold in writing with Ifeoma Okoye". The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News. 1 November 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  159. ^ "Ifeoma Okoye – Writer". sites.google.com. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  160. ^ "Revisiting Adaeze Atuegwu: 17 Books at 17". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 18 November 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  161. ^ Rapheal (22 October 2022). "Atuegwu: Touching lives of blind children with books". The Sun Nigeria. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  162. ^ Reporter (18 November 2022). "Atuegwu: Enabling blind children through Braille and audio books". New Telegraph. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  163. ^ "Ken Erics, Biography". mobile.ghanaweb.com. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  164. ^ Chuku, Gloria (2013), Chuku, Gloria (ed.), "Kenneth Dike: The Father of Modern African Historiography", The Igbo Intellectual Tradition: Creative Conflict in African and African Diasporic Thought, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 137–164, doi:10.1057/9781137311290_6, ISBN 978-1-137-31129-0, retrieved 30 August 2022
  165. ^ "Amazon.com: This is Philip Emeagwali : Philip Emeagwali: Audible Books & Originals". www.amazon.com. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  166. ^ "ICTP Prize Winner 1985 – ICTP Portal". Prizes.ictp.it. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  167. ^ "Chike Obi and Fermat's Last Theorem". Math.buffalo.edu. 7 April 1921. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  168. ^ Ojigbo, Solomon (8 October 2019). "Fabian Udekwu : Pioneer of Open Heart Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa". Pharmanewsonline. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  169. ^ "Nigerian National Merit Award" (PDF). www.nnma.gov.ng.
  170. ^ Ezeja, Victor (8 July 2021). "I am proud to be Board Member at Newstide, Prime Business Africa – Prof. Stella Okunna". Prime Business Africa. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  171. ^ Augoye, Jayne (14 April 2021). "Google Doodle celebrates Oliver de Coque on posthumous birthday". Premium Times Nigeria. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  172. ^ Online, Tribune (24 July 2022). "Psquare is back with two new singles". Tribune Online. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  173. ^ Wonah, Israel. "Download Latest Flavour Songs, Music, Albums, Biography, Profile, All Music, Videos – TrendyBeatz". trendybeatz.com. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  174. ^ Sherifat, Lawal (13 July 2020). "Musical exploits of Emeka Nwokedi". Vanguard News. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  175. ^ "How Cletus Ibeto Made Billions from the Oil Industry". 20 May 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  176. ^ Odeniyi, Solomon (16 July 2024). "Police arrest crypto billionaire Blord over fraud, terrorism links". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
  177. ^ Okogba, Emmanuel (17 April 2022). "Godwin Maduka Felicitates with Nigerians at Easter, preaches unity, patriotism". Vanguard News. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  178. ^ "Sir Emeka Offor – thechromegroup Houston, Texas USA". www.thechromegroup.net. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  179. ^ "Allen Onyema Archives". The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  180. ^ "Reference at secint50.un.org".[permanent dead link]
  181. ^ "Blessed Iwene Tansi: The patron saint of Nigeria's democracy @20". TheCable. 13 June 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  182. ^ "Francis Cardinal Arinze [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  183. ^ "Anambra fiery catholic priest: Untold story of Ebube Muonso". The Sun Nigeria. 23 August 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  184. ^ eribake, akintayo (20 September 2014). "Controversy over Igbo Origin: 'We have proof that Umueri is the cradle of Ndigbo'". Vanguard News. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  185. ^ Basu, Paul (26 December 2021). "Uli: art and archive". [Re:]Entanglements. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
[edit]